2017年1月26日 星期四

Healthy Life - 菠菜豆腐同吃 唔會生腎石




【晴報專訊】「菠菜和豆腐不能一起吃」的說法深入民心,不少人深信菠菜含有草酸,與豐富鈣質的豆腐「相剋」,會增加患腎結石的風險。不過,原來研究證實,均衡飲食可令膳食中的草酸和鈣互相溶解,偏食及飲水過少,才會誘發腎結石。泌尿外科專科醫生建議每人至少飲8杯水或飲品。
過量攝鈣 飲水太少 才是元兇
腎結石是尿液中的礦物質結晶沉積在腎臟裏,當結晶體愈積愈大時,便會堵住輸尿管。泌尿外科專科醫生黃國田指腎結石成分複雜,但有80%屬草酸鈣,是一種有機化合物,存在於環境及膳食中,當人體從食物中攝取到草酸及鈣質後,會結合為不可溶解的草酸鈣,因無法被人體吸收,會經泌尿系統排出體外。
黃國田表示,「菠菜和豆腐不能一起吃」的說法,已被2002年刊登於《新英倫醫學雜誌》的一篇論文打破,因研究證實人體需要攝取相同比例的草酸和鈣質,才能互相溶解,「一旦偏向攝取草酸或鈣質,都一樣會增加患腎結石的機會。」他續指,過量攝取鈣片,才是腎結石元兇。他解釋,當鈣質的濃度或攝取分量過盛,尿液中的結晶體會隨之積累,長時間累積會形成腎結石。
早期症狀難察
早期腎結石因無症狀較難發現,黃指腎結石有先天家族遺傳因素,以及後天飲食習慣影響,包括足夠水份及均衡飲食,「礦物質是腎結石來源,一旦超過能溶解的能力就會生石。」因此必須多飲水增加排尿,每次至少要排走2.5至3公升的尿液,即每日要攝取相同分量水份,相等於8杯水、果汁、清茶或湯等,「其中至少有4杯要係水」。他表示,有患者經過數十年後,才發現有腎結石,當腎石在堵塞腎狀內部,會出現劇烈腰痛,甚至造成泌尿系統磨損,排出血尿,一旦被細菌感染,併發症包括發燒、泌尿系統含膿等,隨時威脅生命。
患者勿吃太鹹
如何才能預防生腎石?聖雅各福群會社區營養服務及教育中心註冊營養師關建慧稱,成人每人每日建議攝取1,000至1,200毫克鈣質,「大劑量吸收鈣片,會增加患腎結石」,以一片鈣片為例,已達300至1,000多毫克不等,即吃兩片已有機會超標。
在膳食中,她指牛奶的鈣質最高,一杯達300至400毫克,其次是硬豆腐,一磚有280毫克。至於腎結石患者,需留意鈉質及磷質的攝取量,包括不要吃太鹹、減少喝汽水、肉類等,成人每人每日建議攝取5至8両肉,以一隻雞髀為例,已達3両,並應減少吸取鈉質。
記者:謝雅寶
撰文︰Healthy Life

2017年1月24日 星期二

蛋,全部都係蛋



 2017 Jan 13. doi: 10.1007/s11745-017-4230-9. [Epub ahead of print]

Intake of up to 3 Eggs/Day Increases HDL Cholesterol and Plasma Choline While Plasma Trimethylamine-N-oxide is Unchanged in a Healthy Population.

Abstract

Eggs are a source of cholesterol and choline and may impact plasma lipids and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) concentrations, which are biomarkers for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Therefore, the effects of increasing egg intake (0, 1, 2, and 3 eggs/day) on these and other CVD risk biomarkers were evaluated in a young, healthy population. Thirty-eight subjects [19 men/19 women, 24.1 ± 2.2 years, body mass index (BMI) 24.3 ± 2.5 kg/m2] participated in this 14-week crossover intervention. Participants underwent a 2-week washout with no egg consumption, followed by intake of 1, 2, and 3 eggs/day for 4 weeks each. Anthropometric data, blood pressure (BP), dietary records, and plasma biomarkers (lipids, glucose, choline, and TMAO) were measured during each intervention phase. BMI, waist circumference, systolic BP, plasma glucose, and plasma triacylglycerol did not change throughout the intervention. Diastolic BP decreased with egg intake (P < 0.05). Compared to 0 eggs/day, intake of 1 egg/day increased HDL cholesterol (HDL-c) (P < 0.05), and decreased LDL cholesterol (LDL-c) (P < 0.05) and the LDL-c/HDL-c ratio (P < 0.01). With intake of 2-3 eggs/day, these changes were maintained. Plasma choline increased dose-dependently with egg intake (P < 0.0001) while fasting plasma TMAO was unchanged. These results indicate that in a healthy population, consuming up to 3 eggs/day results in an overall beneficial effect on biomarkers associated with CVD risk, as documented by increased HDL-c, a reduced LDL-c/HDL-c ratio, and increased plasma choline in combination with no change in plasma LDL-c or TMAO concentrations.

KEYWORDS:

Cholesterol; Choline; Eggs; HDL; LDL; TMAO
PMID:
 
28091798
 
DOI:
 
10.1007/s11745-017-4230-9
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

2017年1月21日 星期六

Health Talk on 23 Feb 2017


食安中心驗出一腐乳樣本蠟樣芽孢桿菌超標

【星島日報報道】衛生署食物安全中心公布,從一個腐乳樣本發現蠟樣芽孢桿菌超標,應立即停止食用,如市民食用上述產品後不適,應盡快求醫。
  食安中心透過恆常食物監察計劃,從土瓜灣一所超級市場抽取「四川名產蔴油辣腐乳」樣本進行檢測。結果顯示,樣本每克含十二萬個蠟樣芽孢桿菌。根據《食品微生物含量指引》,每克即食食品含超過十萬個蠟樣芽孢桿菌,可能危害食用者的健康或不宜供人食用
  食安中心已通知涉事商戶及分銷商有關化驗結果,並指令其停售及回收受影響批次的產品。當局正追查有關食物的來源及分銷情況,並會繼續密切跟進事件和採取適當行動。